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Neem oil, margosa extract, insecticide and natural repulsive

Neem oil and margosa extract, 100% vegetable repulsive


Graine de margousier (azadirachta indica)

Distinction between neem oil and margosa extract

Neem oil and margosa extract are both derived from the margosier seed, also called neem tree.
The difference between neem oil and margosa extract is the extraction process used. virgin neem oil is obtained by simple cold pressure of the seeds. margosa's extract, on the other hand, is obtained in laboratory, according to various extraction processes. one or more active molecules can then be selected.



Neem oil regulation - margosa extract

A biocide, to be allowed for sale, must have at least one active molecule classified TP18 (insecticide) or tp19 (repulsive).
Commissions decide to remove or add a molecule in this list. for now, margosa extract (case: 84696-25-3) is only tp19. neem oil and azadirachtin are not in this list.

Biocide can also be classified as phytosanitary, i.e. usable on plants. for this it must first obtain a marketing authorization (amm) and for the moment no product based on neem oil or its derivatives does not have amm franc (market authorization).
It is true that before getting an amm, the active ingredient must already be accepted by the European Commission and listed in Appendix i of Directive 91/414/EEC.
All these procedures require human and financial resources. We better understand why it is easier for a multinational to get this famous sesame than a small company with little means.

see Implementing Directive 2011/44/EU of the Commission of 13 April 2011 on Azadirachtine

Neem-based pesticides have been approved for usa since 1999.



Generality on neem oil

The neem, as a natural insecticide, has been used for several years in canada, beresil, japon, australia, inde and europe.
Beef, it is used in maraicher and fruit crops. canada in the treatment of coniferes either by spraying or by injection directly into the tree.
Neem oil contains many active ingredients (more than 168 compounds). These active principles consist of a group of 7 substances close to Azadirachtine (azadirachtine a:C35H44O16 and azadirachtine b:C33H42O16) whose insecticide properties have been recognized.
Recent studies have shown that azadirachtin, with undeniable insecticide properties, was not acting alone and that other neem components should complement its insecticide action.
These other potentially active components and present in large quantities would be: nimbidine, salannine, meliantriol, nimbine, azadirone, but also meliacins.
By the synergy of the many molecules that make up the neem, it was found that the risk of insect addiction was very low, which may not be the case of the azadirachtin molecule used alone.
For more information you can consult the file made by the Paul Sabatier University.

Attention: the neem oil must not be confused (case: 8002-65-61) which is a vegetable oil like olive oil and is found in many cosmetics, with the extract of margosa (case: 84696-25-3) that comes into the biocide preparations or azadirachtin (case: 11141-17-6) obtained with the help of forbidden soil.



Toxicity of neem oil

Neem oil has low toxicity for mammals and birds (dl50 greater than 5000 mg/kg for rat) and is not mutagenic. neem oil is very low toxic to bees.



Properties of neem oil

The insecticide effects of neem oil were observed in 400 species of harmful arthropods such as lepidoptera (peppers), dipteras (mouches, tawns, mosquitoes). orthopters (sauterellas, criquets). hymenoptera and certain species of aphids.
Unlike most insecticides, neem oil is not a neurotoxic (which acts on the nervous system). to be effective, it must therefore physically be in contact with the insect either because it touches the product or because it consumes it.
At least 12 modes of action on insects were identified: repulsive, anti-appearing, phagodissuasive, growth regulator, deck in females.

Based on Indian neem tree compagny, the neem intervenes at several stages of the life of an insect. it does not kill pests instantly (the impact of neurotoxics) but rather acts over the long term on its growth and reproduction. The results are therefore not immediate. a little patience is necessary after applying a neem-based product.

1 The most important property of the neem is to deter the insect from feeding. the presence of azadirachtine, salanin and melandriol contained in the neem prevents the larva from feeding on treated plants.

2 The neem prevents females from weighting.

3 The formation of the chitine (exoskeleton) is also inhibited.

4 Mating and sexual communication is disrupted.

5 Adult larvae and insects are repelled (repellent effect of compounds close to suffering).

6 Adults are sterilized.

7 The neem acts through the breathing on practically all tissues of the insect (muscle tissues, nervous, glandular). Consequently, the insect loses the coordination of its movements and the control of its body.

8 Based on azadirachtine concentration:

  1. The larva can't die, stay in the larval stage and die.
  2. The larva manages to enter the mue stage, but dies at this point.
  3. The adult emerges from the mue but being sterile it cannot reproduce.


Areas of application of neem oil

For several years the neem has been used as a biocide in many countries, including the bresil since 2001, which has been widely used in animal care, agriculture, fruit and vegetable production.
Based on agrimix bresil it is used in:

  1. Agriculture: caterpillars, caterpillars, aleurodes, thrips, aphids, vaquinha and beetles, white fly, fruit fly, cicadal, tomato mineuses, citrus and other minerals, thousand-pates, ear pier, meloydogine, and other nematodes. disease of the root system and plant stem, bean oidium, ..
  2. Livestock farming: ticks, lice, chips, corneal fly, stables and porcheries, gale, mites, farm beetles, triatomes.
  3. Grain storage: let's go.
  4. Animals: Treatment of stables and houses, in simple mix with water to wash horses, dogs and cats.

Other examples:
To jork (allemagne) 40 hectares of orchards have been treated with azadirachtine for 7 years, which has allowed for the definitive ending of the invasions of apple-treated aphids.
In canada, in forestry the neem oil was evaluated in various tree plantations. result: Azadirachtine was recognized as highly effective against the defollowing larvae of 13 species of lepidoptera and saw flies (hymenoptera).

Based on the neem reference site: https://www.neem.fr, the efficacy of neem oil would have been proven in laboratory, greenhouse and field on:

  • The two-point tetranyc in the laboratory
  • The green chipron of the fisherman (myzus percicae,) the era of greenhouses in the laboratory
  • Small fruit thrips in laboratory and greenhouse
  • The potato roll virus (plrv) and the potato mosaic virus (pvy) in greenhouse
  • Mites, aphids, greenhouses, black greenhouse flies
  • The green beans against the bean fly and the criquet in the field
  • The watermelons against the strain of the cucurbitaceae in the field
  • Tomato for tomato noctual, white flies, minerals, foliage aphids, thrips in the field
  • Strawberry against the furnace in the field
  • Broccoli, rutabaga, cabbage, radishes against the cabbage fly
  • Onions against the onion fly in the field
  • The tunnel rosemary against the cadella (eupterix decemnota,) mites, white flies, thrips
  • The mill against the oidium of the mill in the laboratory
  • The apple against the ash chip and the foliage chipron in orchard

Other laboratory and greenhouse tests conducted by the Canadian Horticulture Research and Development Centre (https://www.aspro-pnpp.org) confirm and complete all the results already achieved:

  • In the laboratory and greenhouse: the two-point tetranyc, the green peach, the greenhouse aleurode and the small fruit thrips.
  • In greenhouses: the potato roll virus and the virus y of the potato mosaic (pvy,) both transmitted by the green chipron of the fish (myzus persicae).
  • In greenhouses: mites, aphids, greenhouses, black flies and thrips.
  • In the field in the burkina faso on the green beans against the bean fly and the coffin, on the watermelons against the cucurbitaceae fly, on the tomato against the tomato noctual, the aphids and the white flies.
  • In the middle of the field at the kebec on the strawberry (punaise terne,) cranberries (cranberries and pyral of the atocas), broccoli, rutabaga, cabbage and radish (bowl fly,) pepper (punaise terne and pyrale,) onions (onion strain), potato (dory apple).
  • In the Czech Republic, the tests were carried out on the cauliflower (brevicoryne brassicae).
  • In Swiss, rosemary tunnel culture on the cadella (eupterix decemnota).

What should also be noted is that these formulations did not demonstrate any adverse effects to beneficial insects such encarcia and predatory mites such as phytoseiulus persimilis in integrated fight.
But careful neem oil could Being dangerous for bee larvae which would result in malformations (atrophiated wings).

Neem oil is also a pest control and home acaricideit can be used both in curative and preventive, on plants of course, but also on animals against ticks, flies, chips, mosquitoes. or mites on sofas, mattresses, cushions, carpets, carpets.



Use of neem oil abroad

Remember: even if the neem oil is allowed in many countries for the treatment of plants intended for human food, in france it can only be used for domestic use, i.e. only for the treatment of flat or balcony plants !
Preventive: on aphis, mites, spiders, beetles, and other parasites, spray once every 2 weeks. in curative: spray once a week until the parasite is completely lost and then once every 2 weeks.
Milling / horticulture: preventive (first leaves) solution at 0.5% and curative solution at 2%
Tree growing / red fruit / vine: preventive (first leaves) solution to 0.5 % and curative solution to 2%
Grass: preventive (end of winter): 1 % solution and curative solution to 3%



Nem oil testing on mosquito larvae

Several studies were also conducted on mosquito larvae in laboratory or field.
The various laboratory tests showed that with a concentration of 9% pure neem oil, the mortality of quinquefasciatus culex larvae was obtained in 24 hours and with a concentration of 1% a mortality of 98.85% after 5 days.
It was also found that with pure neem oil, not only larvae were killed by active ingredients but also by lack of oxygen: the layer that forms on the surface of the water prevents larvae from breathing.

Field trials (servoirs, wells, pits, swimming pools). have been performed indensed on the larvae of assex mosquitoes, aedes, anopheles with also excellent results.
The average reduction in % of the larval density, depending on habitats and the type of mosquito, is 95% on the 1st day and still 80% 3 weeks after application.
Conclusion of testing: the formulation of neem oil has proven to be effective in controlling mosquito larvae in different breeding habitats. under natural conditions, a reduction of 80% of the larvae of anapheles, assex and aedes was observed and this up to three weeks after application.
(https://malariajournal.com/content/8/1/124)



Conclusion on neem oil

Neem oil as a natural insecticide to interesting properties but unlike pyrethra, also natural insecticide, their modes of action are different. the Neem to a long-term mode of action, it takes several hours to see several days before an insect or population disappears, while the pyrethra with its "shock effect" kills insect instantly. If the insect does not die, it is possible that a resistance develops on the next generation.



The extract of margosa

The extract of margosa that we propose is concentrated to 50% and packed in pot of 200 ml.

The following information was extracted from the site of terra nostra, a German company that provides us the extract of margosa. This information is therefore only valid for the margosa extract we market.

  1. The margosa extract, a natural repulsive
    1. Margosa extract (no. case 84696-25-3) is a natural product in which no other natural or synthetic component is added. it is produced from the seed of the neem tree, azadirachta indica a. juices.
    2. Its main components are fatty acids, such as oleic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid. they are present as glycerides or as free acids. complementary components include lemonoid, such as nimbin, salannin and azadirachtin.
    3. We guarantee that our margosa extract is free of aflatoxins in accordance with the German order on the maximum concentrations of mycotoxins (mhmv), which makes it possible to use margosa extract not only in biocide products, but also in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.


  2. Range of applications of margosa extract
    1. Margosa extract can be used to control many species of insects and arachnoids, such as silver fish (lepisma saccarina,) flies (musca domestica,) pharaoh ants (monomarium pharaonis,) black ants (lasius niger garden,) red groves (dermanyssus gallinae) and.
    2. In most targeted organisms, the repulsive effect can be observed, even at low doses. immediately after application of margosa, treated surfaces produce a repulsive effect on organisms that show a pronounced leakage behaviour.
    3. An additional effect occurs in some insect species. if their diet is located on the treated surface, the naturally occurring bitter compounds contained in the margosa extract make it unfit for the consumption of these insects. insects either leave the area treated in search of food, or stay and eventually starve. In all cases, the lack of food suppresses the ability of insects to reproduce due to the lack of essential proteins and amino acids.
    4. Development of the accustomance or even resistance against margosa extract by organisms is prevented, or at least significantly reduced by its large number of active constituents.


  3. Toxicology of margosa extract
    1. Numerous toxicological studies were carried out on margosa extract as part of the biocide notification process .
      1. Oral dl50 in rat ✱ 2000 mg/kg
      2. Rat dl50 by cutaneous means 2000 mg / kg
      3. By inhalation, rat dl50 ✱ 5,15 mg / air
      4. Skin irritation: not irritating
      5. Eye irritation: no irritant
      6. Skin awareness: no awareness
    2. In addition to these toxicological data required for the safety sheet (fds), other toxicological studies were also performed. the results showed that no danger symbol and that no risk phrase was required.


  4. Production of margosa extract
    Margosa extract is made in Germany by a high technology (international patent) process in which the extract is obtained using carbon dioxide in a supercritical state as an extraction agent.
    The components, very pure, being extracted very gently by high pressure co2.

    This cutting-edge process offers many advantages compared to conventional methods of obtaining margosa extract:
    1. No organic solvent residue in the extract.
    2. Only traces of unwanted substances such as sulphur and phenol compounds are present, which increases the effectiveness of the extract.
    3. The extract contains none of the contaminants responsible for the strong smell frequently encountered.
    4. the extract obtained is sterile. it does not contain water, no protein or polysaccharide, thus avoiding the possibility of bacterial development.
    After extraction to co2, margosa extract is analyzed in a laboratory to check if it meets the specifications. control is also done on fungal toxin content (aflatoxins).